The Prince and the Pauper Essay Example

The Prince and the Pauper Essay The costumes in the play reflected the character and his or her personality, for example Kate wore a wrecked and torn low quality dress and Bianca wore a high quality gold gown. In plays such as The Prince and the Pauper what people wear is very important in this play an example of this is when Lucentio swaps cloths with his servant so no one would know who he was.  I knew what sort of a role a person played. If it was either a rich person or a poor person by what type of cloths they were wearing for example if some one was wearing ripped cloths that were dark in colour and dirty then you know that they are either poor or a servant like Petruchios servant and if someone was wearing a shirt, hat, short trousers, tights and clean shoes with maybe even a sword then straight away you could tell that the person was wealthy and privileged like Hortensio. The orchestra were even in costume and dressed in plain grey robes. I understood the play to a certain extent because I did an abbreviated version of Taming of the Shrew with my drama class in school. Compared to the one I saw in the theatre and the one I did at school it was almost completely different. The school play would have been a lot better if we had seen the play before the production, if we had then maybe the class could have gotten a better understanding of the characters and the main plot of the story, as I think the play we saw could have done this.  Although the theatre production was a lot better, I thought that the character development of Lucentio, Gremio, and Hortensio was a lot more thought out in the one I did with the school and in the theatre production they were a bit characterless and bland. The characters of Kate and Petruchio were a lot better in the theatre they were exciting and competent. We will write a custom essay sample on The Prince and the Pauper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Prince and the Pauper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Prince and the Pauper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer My favourite character in the play was Kate, I admire her because it must have really hurt her throat screaming and yelling for most of the play and also that Kates character was the one that in my opinion was more developed, the one that stood out from the other main characters and the best acted. I also liked the way that her character gradually changed through out the play and not many actors can carry it out as well as she did. The change of Kates character was obvious during the play but the actors change wasnt. Generally I believed the choice of cast was very well done  My favourite part of the play I thought was when Petruchio and Kate met for the first time in the play and the actors showed really well that it was love at first sight. It was my favourite part of the play because it was filled with humour, Romance, attraction and physical humour like when Kate is banging her foot against the door shouting to her father to let her back in the house. Although as a whole I thought the audience really enjoyed the performance and I liked the way the director slipped in a few modern jokes but in my opinion I believe that the director could have made the play to suit different types of audience for teenagers and the older type of audience. The director could have done this by maybe shortening the play because I thought the pace of the play was time-consuming and long-winded and some parts of the play were even quite dull. He could have even either changed the language of the play from Shakespearian to modern or changed the costume from old to modern or even both to make the play more appealing to the younger audience.  Overall I enjoyed the performance thurally and it helped me to understand drama to a higher extent.

Transitive and Intransitive Verbs in German

Transitive and Intransitive Verbs in German When you look at a verb entry in a German-English dictionary, you will always find either a v.t. or v.i. written after the verb. These letters stand for a transitive verb (v.t.) and an intransitive verb (v.i.) and its important that you do not ignore those letters. They  indicate how you can use the verb properly when speaking and writing in German. Transitive (v.t.) Verbs The majority of German verbs are transitive. These types of verbs will always take the accusative case when used in a sentence. This means that the verb needs to be complemented with an object in order to make sense. Du magst ihn.  (You like him.) The sentence would sound incomplete if you said only: Du magst. (You like.) Transitive verbs can be used in the passive voice. The exceptions are  haben (to have), besitzen (to possess), kennen (to know), and wissen (to know). Transitive verbs  are used in the perfect and past perfect tenses (as an active voice) with the helping verb haben. Ich habe ein Geschenk gekauft. (I bought a present.) The nature and meaning of some transitive verbs require that they are complemented with a double accusative in a sentence. These verbs are abfragen (to interrogate), abhà ¶ren (to listen to), kosten (to cost money/something), lehren (to teach), and  nennen (to name). Sie lehrte ihn die Grammatik. (She taught him grammar.) Intransitive (v.i.) Verbs Intransitive verbs are used with less frequency in German, but it is still important to understand them. These types of verbs do not take a direct object and will always take the dative or genitive case when used in a sentence. Sie hilft ihm. (She is helping him.) Intransitive verbs cannot be used in the passive voice. The exception to this rule is when youre using the pronoun  es  in select  circumstances. Es wurde gesungen. (There was singing.) Intransitive verbs that express an action or a change of state will be used in the perfect and past perfect tenses, as well as  futur II with the verb sein. Among these verbs are  gehen  (to go), fallen  (to fall), laufen  (to run, walk), schwimmen (to swim), sinken (to sink), and springen (to jump). Wir sind schnell gelaufen. (We walked fast.) All other intransitive verbs will use haben  as the helping verb. These verbs include  arbeiten (to work), gehorchen (to obey), schauen (to see, look), and warten (to wait).   Er hat mir gehorcht. (He listened to me.) Some Verbs Can Be Both Many verbs can also be both transitive and intransitive. Which you use will depend on the context as we can see in these examples of verb fahren  (to drive): Ich habe das Auto gefahren. (Transitiv) (I drove the car.)Heute morgen bin ich durch die Gegend gefahren. (Intransitiv) I drove through the neighborhood today. To determine whether you are using the transitive or the intransitive form, remember to associate the transitive with a direct object. Are you doing something to something? This will also help you identify those verbs that can be both.

Operations management or Supply Chain Management (Choose One) Research Paper

Operations management or Supply Chain Management (Choose One) - Research Paper Example Supply chain management is in effect a value chain. That is why the research study undertaken in this paper indicates that it is a management of those relations that add value to the supply chain. There are a number of hardships or interruptions that usually occur in such management of supply chains. But strategic approach to supply chain management helps in overcoming such interruptions or limitations. The strategic approach to SCM facilitates the integrated handling of the functions of the business, especially the procurement function and the logistic functions at the front and at the back ends of the business. As a result SCM comes handy in value creation as well as value addition. But supply chain management has a demerit, as SCM gives prominence to materials management and treats the customer requirements of logistic as an appendix to the business. Michael H. Hugos (2) states that â€Å"Supply chains encompass the companies and business activities needed to design, make, deliver, and use a product or service. Businesses depend upon their supply chains to provide them with what they need to survive and thrive. Every business fits into one or more supply chains and has a role to play in each of them.†i In other words every business action is a process in the supply chain of which it is a link somewhere. The objective is to develop relationships of many such actions whereby products or services are developed and delivered to the ultimate consumer. In simple language supply chain is a network of activities that combines the actions from production or procurement of product or services till its delivery to the consumer. Management of such a network is a tricky affair and only experience hands achieve proficiency in the management of supply chains. It must be understood that â€Å"at the end of the day, supply chain management is a relationship management. A supply

How much oil is there in the world Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

How much oil is there in the world - Term Paper Example Tiny plants and animals and die and sink to the bottom of shallow waters. Then clay and silt cover the thin layer of organisms which begin to decay. The process becomes repetitive and after millions of years, the clay sand, silt from rocks, and the decomposed organisms beneath the rock layers generate into a dark heavy liquid now known as OIL. With reference to Lee’s article â€Å"What is Oil?† it is used facilitate a variety of things. It contributes to the creation of fuel, paint, detergent, trash bags etc once it is refined. However, the most widespread use of oil is the fueling of our vehicles, as oil is the main source of locomotion. History of Oil Historians speculate that oil has been flowing since the time of Herodotus-(a Greek Historian during the 5th century), but was being used as a liniment of medicine and not as fuel and also for building purposes. The history of uses’ website explained that oil flows from springs just like water. Some of these sprin gs were in western Pennsylvania and obtained by the Seneca Indians, who used it for medicinal purposes. The site also reported that that the first oil well was drilled by Edwin Drake in 1859 in the area. An article from bydesign.com reported that the well was 69 feet deep and produced 15 barrels a day. The area quickly blossomed and the modern oil industry was born. Then later Texas and Oklahoma became the centers of US production. In addition the Middle East became a major supplier for US use as well after World War II. In previous generations, oil as a fuel was used as kerosene for lighting, replacing animal, vegetable and coal oils. It also became popular in the furnaces then the most popular with the development of automobiles. Presently all modes of transportation; cars, trucks, buses trains, ships or airplanes are fueled by oil, diesel or gasoline. Fuel Oil has become so predominantly essential that it is burnt to produce electricity which has always been a coal’s job. Locating the Oil The Science of locating oil is done through a variety of methods and is the main responsibility of Geologists. First they have to find the best conditions for an oil trap and best sources of rock as well as reservoir rocks and entrapment. According to Craig Freudenrich PhD, and Jonathon Strickland, geologists, many years ago interpreted surface features, surface rocks and soil types and perhaps some small core samples obtained by shallow drilling as a method of locating oil. In comparison to the modern era they now use sensitive gravity meters to measure changes in the Earth’s gravitational field which could indicate flowing oil. In addition they use sensitive magnetometers to measure changes in the earth’s magnetic field caused by flowing oil. Furthermore, they can detect the smell of hydrocarbons, using sensitive electronic noses called sniffers. However, the most common method used in detecting oil is seismology. By using seismology, it creates shoc k waves that pass through hidden rock layers and interpret the waves that are reflected at the surface. The shock waves are created by either of the following; a compressed air gun which shoots pulses of air into the water, or a thumper truck which slams heavy plates into the ground or by explosives which are detonated after being drilled into the ground or thrown overboard. As marked by Freudenrich and Strickland, the shock waves created by seismology

AN310 Cultural Anthropology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

AN310 Cultural Anthropology - Essay Example f English-Luek, and something more of a forward looking paper on what will eventually happen with technology, rather than a reflective look on how it has and currently is affecting lives. Perhaps, as a result of this, his view seems highly optimistic: he presents many upsides to technology for the family, and a very few downsides. He rightly assumes that technology will continue to get cheaper and more accessible, and thus be more widely used as time goes on (Molitor 2003). Furthermore, he recognized that mobile technology would be of growing importance, and argues that this presents many opportunities for families to stay in closer contact with each other and so forth, noting that mobile acumen is now being developed in children â€Å"from birth† and that staying in contact â€Å"on the fly† will lead to greater integration among members of the family (Molitor 2003, p 9). English-Lueck’s analysis is based on observations of the way technology has affected the family, rather than how it could. It is a bit more double sided. Like Molitor, English Lueck noted that families felt that technology allowed them to stay in contact in ways that would not otherwise be possible – and thus gain more independence (English-Lueck 1998, p 5). However, technology also has a high degree of downsides. The largest is the intervention of work into family time – almost everyone in English-Lucke’s work complained of having work at home or sometimes even having a great deal of work at home without noticing it (English-Lueck 1998). Finally, English-Lueck noted that, while technology altered family life, it also conformed to expectations that had been built over generations before the technology existed, such as gender roles. Men would be expected to be better experts on technology than women, and more interested in â€Å"discussing it† (Enli gsh-Lueck 1998, p. 8), whereas women wanted to use it. One common thread that I found between the two readings and my own life is lack of

Knowledge of Causative Agent of Tuberculosis Among Patients

Knowledge of Causative Agent of Tuberculosis Among Patients Knowledge of causative agent of Tuberculosis among TB patients in Jaipur district (Rajasthan). Dr Shobha Tomar, Resident Community, Medicine,NIMS Medical College , Jaipur. Dr Dharmendra Mandarwal, Assistant Professor, Community Medicine,NIMS Medical College , Jaipur Dr Brajesh kumar chahar, Assistant Professor(statistics), Community Medicine,NIMS Medical College , Jaipur Dr. Sumit Ahluwalia, Demonstrator, Community Medicine,NIMS Medical College , Jaipur ABSTRACT :Background: Tuberculosis is known since ages and its causative agent was discovered eight to nine decades ago and still misconception is present regarding its cause in india. India is facing TB epidemic at present. Objectives: to assess the knowledge of TB patients regarding causative agent of the disease. Results: Total 300 TB patients participated in the study, 75% were male and 25% were female, 60% were married and 25% were unmarried 15% were widow or widower, 77% were hindu and 22% were muslim,49% were literate and 51%were illetrate, 59% patients belonged to social class 4. 56% of patients knew the causative organism, 72% of the female don’t know the causative agent. 71% to 73% literate patients knew about the causative agent. Evil eye(56%), past sins(52%) were main myths as cause of TB. Lower socio economic class had more myths about the causative agent (23% in class 4) (58% in class 5). Conclusion: In poor country like india emphasis must be paid regarding awar eness of tuberculosis among poor and low socioeconomic group people and patient. KEYWORDS : Tuberculosis, knowledge, myth. Introduction: Tuberculosis kills more people in economically productive age group greater than any other infectious disease worldwide. Tuberculosis alone kills more people than malaria and AIDS combined. Women death due to maternal mortality lies second to tuberculosis, such is the magnitude of problem worldwide. Tuberculosis is turning out to be greatest epidemic of this century, so great is the concern about tuberculosis epidemic. The problem of tuberculosis is acute in developing countries which accounts for three fourth of cases in the world. The impact of tuberculosis is greatest on poor 99.00% of deaths and 95.00% of all cases occurring in developing and poor countries. The majority of people affected by tuberculosis are in economically active age group. Tuberculosis and poverty go hand in hand people who are poor get tuberculosis and people who get tuberculosis becomes poor1. In developing countries still lot number of tuberculosis patients goes undiagnosed. There has been over all increase in absolute number of tuberculosis cases during last 30 years because of population explosion during this period2. Tuberculosis is the oldest known disease to mankind and is caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis. The causative organism was discovered long back but myths regarding cause of tuberculosis is still prevalent not only in general population but also among the TB patients. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The present study aims to study knowledge of TB cases regarding causative agent of tuberculosis and myths related to its causation. MATERIAL AND METHODS Period of study: Survey was conducted from 1st January 2013 to 30th Dec, 2013 for a period of 1 year. Sampling units: Study was conducted on the tuberculosis patients of the Jaipur treatment unit at DTC and at 20 DOTS enters: Area of study: The present study was conducted as District tuberculosis centre and randomly selected DOT centres of Jaipur treatment unit. Patients attending DTC and DOT’s centre to which they belonged to. Sampling Technique: During the period of study a total of 173 TB patients were registered for treatment at District TB centre Jaipur of which 167 were included in the study while 6 refused to participate in the study. Tuberculosis unit – Jaipur at the time of study had 415 DOT’s providers of which 5% i.e. every 20th DOT’s provider was include for study by using systemic random sampling technique i.e. choosing every 20th DOT’s provider from the available list. Thus this figure came to be 20 DOT’s provider out of 415. During the period of study 133 TB patients were taking treatment from these 20 DOTS provider and these 133 patients were taken up for the study. Thus the total sample size came to be 167+133 = 300 (167 form DTC and 133 from DOTs provider). Technique used: The study was conducted by taking interview of TB patients attending DTC and DOT’s centre. Data were collected in pre designed and pre tested proforma. All the details of TB patients, which included socio-demographic and clinical profile of the patient such as age, sex, marital status, religion, education, occupation, socio-economic condition etc. Clinical profile consisted of symptoms of tuberculosis, past history, family history, diet, bowel habits BCG vaccination etc. Environmental factors such as type of housing was also taken in account. Revised B G Prasad classification was used to determine the social class of the tuberculosis patient in the present study. Knowledge of the causative agent of tuberculosis patients regarding their disease and myths regarding causation was studied in pre tested proforma. OBSERVATIONS Socio-demographic characteristics of TB patients Table shows 75% of TB patients are male and 25% female. Most of the cases are in age group 15-39yr i.e. 63.9%. Married constitutes about 60% of the cases and among illiterate 48.67%. TB is more common among labourers. Table: 2 Observation showing cases distribution according to social class area of residence Above table indicates that 258(86%) patients belong to urban and urban slum in this study Table: 3 Distribution of cases according to the knowledge of causative organism à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ £2 = 28.72 df = 1 p Table shows that 55.67% had knowledge about causative organism. 64.89% of males and 28.00% of females had knowledge about causative organism. 44.33% cases had no knowledge about causative organism 72.00% female and 35.11% males had no knowledge about causative organism. The difference was statistically significant. Table: 4 Correlation between awareness about TB causative organisms and literacy à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ £2 = 16.41 df = 4 p Observation in this table shows that 73.91% and 71.42% of TB cases with literacy status of sr. secondary and graduate respectively knew about causative agent. 34.72 and 59.61% of cases who were primary and secondary educated knew about causative organism. Knowledge about causative organism among illiterate was found to be 56.84%. The difference was statistically significant. . Distribution of TB cases as per literacy status Table: 5 Observation showing myths among tuberculosis cases Table shows that 56.66% of the respondents ststed evil eye, 52.00% of the respondents considered past sins as the cause of tuberculosis. Respondents gave multiple response regarding myths about tuberculosis cause. Table: 6 Observation showing myth about disease in relation to social class à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ £2 = 7.56 df = 4 p > 0.05 Observation in this table shows that 53.67% cases had myth about disease as the social class rose the percentage of cases with myth declined. It was 8.75% in social class II. While it was 23.35% and 58.08% in social class IV and V. The difference was statistically non significant. DISCUSSION Present study is an attempt to explore various socio-demographic factors and knowledge of TB patients regarding the causative agent of the disease, factors like personal habits were not taken. Study was carried out in 300 patients of tuberculosis attending DTC and DOTS provider. Age break-up of 300 patients revealed that maximum number of them i.e.36.60% belonged to age-group of 15-29 yrs followed by 27.30%in the age group of 30-39yrs. The observation suggest that about 2/3rd of the patients belonged to active age group for earning and productivity Shrivastav et al (1977)7 and Arya VR (2000)6 also found majority of patients below 40yrs. Mohamed et al (2007)15 in his study found 60.8% of respondents belonged to age group 20-39 years. 75.00% of the patients were male and 25.00%female. Male, female ratio being 3:1. Gopi et al (1978)10 also found prevalence of tuberculosis three times higher in males than in female. Chaterjee et al (2000)5 also found about three quarter of patients being male and one quarter being female. ICMR (1959)3 also found Male- female ratio of tuberculosis patients to be 3:1. Of the total 300 patients one third i.e. 33.34% were from urban area and more than half (52.60%) were from urban slums. 14.00% of the patients were from rural areas. Chaddha et al (1977)8 and Srivastav et al (1977)7 also found maximum patients belonging to urban slums (47.70% and 44.00% respectively). 77.00% of the patient were Hindus 22.33% Muslim. Shah M J (1993)9 found tuberculosis to be 70.40% Hindus and 26.00% Muslim Gopi et al (1997)4 and Laring R D (1995)8 found higher number of Muslim patient i.e. 32.80% and 35.60% respectively. Observation from literacy status of tuberculosis cases indicate that about half 48.60% were illiterate another 24.00% were literate upto primary level. Only 27.33% of patients were literate upto secondary level or above. Chaddha et al (2000)8, Gopi et al (1997)4 and Shah M J (1993)9 also found that maximum numbers of patients to be illiterates (39.00%, 58.60% and 58.30% respectively). Damor D, Singh MP (2012) 16 in their study found that 31.9% of the respondents were illiterate. Only two third of patients i.e 65.67% knew about the causative organism. No correlation between awareness of causative agent and literacy status was found . In study by Ali et al (2003)13, 78.00 % of patients knew about causative organism while Rajeshwari et al (1995)12 found that 86.00 % of cases were aware about causative organism. Dubey et al (2000)11 noted 95.00% of tuberculosis cases being aware of causative agent. Damor D, Singh MPS (2012) 16 in their study found only 6.9% of the cases knew the cause of disease. Ali Khan Khwaja (2010) 17 in his study found that 39% of the cases knew germ as the cause of disease. Various myths related to T B prevalent in tuberculosis patients were ; Punishment from God (40.66%) , Curse (42.33%) , Past sins (52.00%) , Evil eye (55.66%) , Ghost intrusion (31.00%). The myth were prevalent more frequently in lower social class cases then upper class. Javed Ahmed khan (2006) 14 also found that 50% of the respondents had myths regarding the cause of tuberculosis. Observation on correlation between knowledge of duration of treatment and literacy status reveal a positive correlation i.e higher the literacy higher the knowledge .It was 42.20% in illiterate while it was 85.71% in graduate. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 63.90% ie.2/3 rd of the patients belonged to active age-group i.e. 15-39 yrs. Which is age for earning and productivity. 75.00% of patients were male and 25.00% were female. Male female ratio being 3:1 1/3rd of patients belonged to urban area. More than half (52.60%) from urban slums and 14.00% of rural areas. About 60.00% of patients were married and 40.00% were either unmarried, widow and widower. 77.00% of patients were Hindu, 22.33% were Muslims and rest belong to other religion. Maximum number of patients were laborers (40.00%) followed by self employed (23.67%), 18.67% were housewives. Literacy status of sample was 51.40% 2/3 rd of the patients belonged to nuclear family Majority of the patients ie. 78.00% were from lower socio economic classes. Only 2/3rd of the patients i.e. 65.67% knew about the causative organism and literacy status was found. Myths regarding causation of TB were widely prevalent especially in lower class than upper class which were; punishment from God (40.66%), curse (42.33%), past sins (52.00%), evil eye (55.66%) and ghost intrusion (31.00%) indicating the need of creating awareness in patients in particular and community in general. BIBLIOGRAPHY World TB report WHO – 1998 Ian Smith (1999) Stop TB-is DOTS the Answer ? Indian Journal Tuberculosis, April –1999, Vol:46, p 81. Godhi et. al. (1979). Prevalence of Tuberculosis in a South Indian District Indian Journal of Tuberculosis 1979 p.26, 121. Chatterjee et. al. (2000). Multicentre study on TB cases. 55th TB Chest disease conference Kolkata. P100. Khatri G.R. (1999). RNTCP – Status report on first 1,00,000 patients. NTL Bulletin Vol. 35/ 1-4. 1999. p 18-26. Khatri G.R. (2000) Forum. Ind. J. Of Tuberculosis. Vol. – 47. p-117. Chaddha et. al. (2000). Treatment outcome of TB patients placed under DOTS- A cohort study. Ind. J. of TB Vol. – 47 (2000). P-155,158. Laring R.D. (1995). Prevalence of TB in age group 5-14 yr and 45+ among Tribal community. Calcutta University P-45. Nagpal D.R. Tuberculosis epidemic in India – editorial. Ind. J. tuberculosis Vol. 46-1999. P-79-80. Mishra P. (1990). A study of evaluation of NTP in Ahmedabad District. Study report of supervised field training MD PSM Gujarat University. Pavo Tanni – Medical Social aspects of chi TB in Finland. Scand J. of Respiratory disease 1970, 73 (supp) P 93-105. Bansal AK. – Assessment of Tribal and Non Tribal community regarding need for TB education. International Journal of Lund disease (1994) Vol. 3 p 782. San Sebestian And Bothanley. Tuberculosis preventive therapy; perspective form a multi ethinic community. Respiratory medicine 2000 (94). P 648-653. Javed Ahmed Khan et al knowledge. Attittude and misconceptions regarding TB in Pakistani patients. Journal of Pakistan Medical Association May 2006,Vol. 2(1). Mohamed A I et al. Knowledge of TB –A survey among TB Patients in Omdurman Sudan. Sudanese journal of public health January 2007:Vol2(1). Damor D, Singh DMP. Assessment of knowledge about TB among newly diagnosed patients registered in DTC Bhavnagar ,Gujrat. NJIRM (2012) 3(3):90-94. Ali Khan Khwaja. Knowledge about TB among patients attending clinic in karanchi(2010) www. /uhms,edu.pk/jlumhc/Vol 04 No.02

HIV/AIDS in India:An epidemic Essay -- AIDS India Health

What may be seen as a result of a surplus of labor by an economist, has ultimately led to an epidemic. India's population, estimated to be 1.35 billion, suffers extensive poverty as more than thirty seven percent of its population lives below the poverty line. (Economy Watch) This surplus of labor has driven the price of labor in India to incredibly low amounts, hence the outsourcing which has become rampant. Low labor prices compounded with exclusion due to the caste system and high dependency on agriculture all have amplified the poverty which in turn, has given rise to the largest population—2.3 million--within the borders of a nation to be infected with HIV/AIDS. (India HIV and AIDS Statistics.) Though those who are infected represent less the one percent of the total population, the environmental conditions of the society by which India presides are conducive to the rapid spread of this problem. More importantly, of those that are infected, thirty nine percent are women which increases the probability of parent-to-child transmission of this STI(Sexually Transmitted Infection). While an entire forty percent of the HIV bearing population is constituted by women, only a fraction of a percentage point of those women who choose to get screened test positive for the infection indicating a major problem—those who have it, are unaware or choose not be screened*. Close to eighty five percent of the transfers are through sexual transmission, five percent through parent-to-child transmission and the remainder through injecting drug use. As observed, red-light districts in India have given obvious rises and have some of the highest incidence of AIDS (fifty percent in Mumbai and Pune), but the other regions of the country do not r... ...ohen, J. "HIV/AIDS IN INDIA: HIV/AIDS: India's Many Epidemics." Science 304.5670 (2004): 504-09. Print. Cohen, J. "HIV/AIDS IN INDIA: HIV/AIDS: Till Death Do Us Part." Science 304.5670 (2004): 513-17. Print. "HIV/AIDS." UNICEF INDIA. 2007. Web. 04 Dec. 2010. . "Poverty in India | Economy Watch." World, US, China, India Economy, Investment, Finance, Credit Cards | Economy Watch. Web. 08 Dec. 2010. . "India HIV and AIDS Statistics." AIDS & HIV Information from the AIDS Charity AVERT. Web. 05 Dec. 2010. . "Stigma, Discrimination and Attitudes to HIV & AIDS." AIDS & HIV Information from the AIDS Charity AVERT. Web. 07 Dec. 2010. . HIV/AIDS in India:An epidemic Essay -- AIDS India Health What may be seen as a result of a surplus of labor by an economist, has ultimately led to an epidemic. India's population, estimated to be 1.35 billion, suffers extensive poverty as more than thirty seven percent of its population lives below the poverty line. (Economy Watch) This surplus of labor has driven the price of labor in India to incredibly low amounts, hence the outsourcing which has become rampant. Low labor prices compounded with exclusion due to the caste system and high dependency on agriculture all have amplified the poverty which in turn, has given rise to the largest population—2.3 million--within the borders of a nation to be infected with HIV/AIDS. (India HIV and AIDS Statistics.) Though those who are infected represent less the one percent of the total population, the environmental conditions of the society by which India presides are conducive to the rapid spread of this problem. More importantly, of those that are infected, thirty nine percent are women which increases the probability of parent-to-child transmission of this STI(Sexually Transmitted Infection). While an entire forty percent of the HIV bearing population is constituted by women, only a fraction of a percentage point of those women who choose to get screened test positive for the infection indicating a major problem—those who have it, are unaware or choose not be screened*. Close to eighty five percent of the transfers are through sexual transmission, five percent through parent-to-child transmission and the remainder through injecting drug use. As observed, red-light districts in India have given obvious rises and have some of the highest incidence of AIDS (fifty percent in Mumbai and Pune), but the other regions of the country do not r... ...ohen, J. "HIV/AIDS IN INDIA: HIV/AIDS: India's Many Epidemics." Science 304.5670 (2004): 504-09. Print. Cohen, J. "HIV/AIDS IN INDIA: HIV/AIDS: Till Death Do Us Part." Science 304.5670 (2004): 513-17. Print. "HIV/AIDS." UNICEF INDIA. 2007. Web. 04 Dec. 2010. . "Poverty in India | Economy Watch." World, US, China, India Economy, Investment, Finance, Credit Cards | Economy Watch. Web. 08 Dec. 2010. . "India HIV and AIDS Statistics." AIDS & HIV Information from the AIDS Charity AVERT. Web. 05 Dec. 2010. . "Stigma, Discrimination and Attitudes to HIV & AIDS." AIDS & HIV Information from the AIDS Charity AVERT. Web. 07 Dec. 2010. .

Life of Pi book

In the book, Life of Pi[1], Yann Martel proposes many religious differences, and similarities from religions located around the world. These questions ask such things as, is it possible to be a multi-religion person? Are all religions different? How are some religions the same? Life of Pi was written in 2002 and is a fascinating story of how a young man, Pi Patel, makes it in a world with his own personal beliefs. He adopts the three major religions of the world being Hinduism, Christianity, and Islam.Life of Pi is a very questioning book at times and has the capability of persuading nonbelievers to re-evaluate their religious thought process and beliefs. After reading this book you will be comfortable in the knowledge that you will have on other religions, and just may judge them differently. One of the questions that surfaces in this book is â€Å"can a person believe in more than one religion? † The author uses the Christian, Islam, and Hindu religions all in one character to represent the different struggles that Pi Patel is facing within him self, just as animals were used as symbolic representation for people in the first story. As for the question itself, a person cannot believe in more than one religion at a time. This is shown when the three holy men meet Pi in the park and they argue over his religious practices. While arguing Pi’s father reminds the three holy men that â€Å"there is freedom for practice of whatever religion in this country†[2]. The holy men screamed in unison, â€Å"Yes! Practice-singular†[3]. This point supports how even the three major holy religions of the world believe that you can only have one. However, it is possible for people to change religions throughout their lives. As religions are faith based through personal convictions that come from within, you have purpose in what you believe, and therefore are only able to believe in one at a time. To say you believe in Christianity and Hinduism would be like saying you are both a communist and a progressive conservative, which are different philosophies. You have to choose one religion or another, just as in this story you need to believe the first story or the second story, and you cannot believe that both of these events occurred. A person cannot believe two tales of the same legend. The second story with people resembles culture within North America and how everything in the North American world is looked at as bare facts. Most people only believe things that they can see with there own eyes, or feel with there own hands. Starting from our education as children, to jobs in adulthood, knowledge of bare facts measures how much we are capable of doing. In math you add numbers that have relevance to our society, in science pre-determined experiments with actions or re-actions occur, as well as predictions and conclusions. Everything MUST have an answer. If there is a topic to which we do not have an answer we dig for scientific answers, and refuse to accept folk tales or stories from higher powers. In an area of the world with steadily declining religious numbers[4], we need to exercise our faith and imaginations. We all need to have an open and searching mind like that of a younger child. Pi Patel shows just how blunt and â€Å"factual†[5] North America people are by telling the second story, including the murder of people on a lifeboat. Murder is something we can all relate to, thus making the second story â€Å"the right story†[6] to most people. After the second story of realism, many people feel the first story to be a waste of time, showing again just how North American people struggle to explore the imaginative or symbolic side of things. Everybody justifies their respective view by saying, â€Å"that’s not even possible†[7] or â€Å"I’d have to see it to believe it†[8]. The first and second story connects in a way of showing resemblances between the two major religions of the world, Christianity and Islam. The purpose of this is to show how alike Islam followers are to Christian followers. They share most of the same religious views, with very minor differences in stories of interpretations. They also share many of the same characters, such as Jesus, who is God’s son. Jesus sends messages from God and heals people in Christianity, and in Islam a prophet shares the word of God. These two parts in the story show just how different the two religions are, yet are so similar. The first story also shows how, in the eastern world, the people are much more imaginative, by using Hindu and its animals to add a twist to create the first story. It uses the animals to also describe the real people that were on the boat such as the Orangutan, Pi’s mother. In Hindu a person who is caring and involved in religious studies has the possibility of becoming a monkey after death[9]. Pi’s mom was a very caring person who was against the eating of the zebra, or the young sailor. A zebra is looked at as an honest, friendly, and creative person because of his stripes[10]. By using these animals he is trying to show just how North American culture is so bare factual. This story parallels our own personal internal struggles as well as the struggles of different cultures and religions in the world. We begin to understand we have to ultimately face and deal with our own struggles, allowing us to come to terms with our own beliefs, where we are at in our own lives and how we fit into our culture. This story could be interpreted with different meanings by different people, but ultimately causes the kind of thought that moves us forward in terms of who we will become. The purpose of this story is to show the similarities of some religions, and also to show that the things that are different, are not so different after all. This is a book attempting to change minds on religious discrimination and indifferences.Reference http://www.religioustolerance.org/chr_prac2.htm

Europes Rise to Power essays

Europes Rise to Power essays Scholars have been debating Europes rise to power for centuries. In the earliest history, it was due to Gods will. Then, many promoted the race theory. Now, the argument comes down to a combination of environment and culture says Harvard historian David Landes. He argues that argues in his books Wealth and Poverty of Nations: Why Some Are So Rich and Some So Poor and The Unbound Prometheus: Technological Change and Industrial Development in Western Europe From 1750 to the Present that Europe has been more progressive than all other civilizations for thousands of years at first because of a number of different factors, including geography (climate), sociology, anthropology and culture and economics. Landes cites several reasons for his argument (xxi): better climate, soils, topography, natural vegetation, health, nutrition, reproductive habits, values, politics, institutions (family, church, market, state, city,) inventiveness, innovativeness, and venturesome spirit. In addition to having the foundation of climate, "If we learn anything from the history of economic development, it is that culture makes all the difference," he says. In general, Landes explains that the more wealthy society will be one that 1)Knew how to operate, manage and build the instruments of production and to create, adapt and master new techniques; 2) Could impart this knowledge and know-how to the young; 3) Elected individuals for jobs by competence as well as promoted them on the basis of performance; 4) Afforded the opportunity to individual or collective enterprise; 5) Encouraged initiative, competition and emulation; and lastly 5) Permitted citizens to enjoy and employ the extra fruits of their labor and enterprise (217-219). Landes first notes that successful countries tend to be located in temperate regions and poorer countries, in the tropics. In other words, tropical climates are negative factors for human progress. Europe b...

Essay Sample on the King He Who Loves not His Country, Can Love Nothing

Essay Sample on the King He Who Loves not His Country, Can Love Nothing He who loves not his country loves nothing. It is withdom, it is pure truth. I am Sauti, daughter of the King Tarkil, son of Jankir. Many ages my family rulled in Northern Kingdom; in period of prosperity our lands extended from the Sea to the Mountains, and our people lived in peace and wealth. But Darkness came from the East, and together with it came the war people from the Southern Kingdom attacked us. It was year 529 of the Fourth Era according to the Chronology of the Northern Kingdom. We fought. Father did not want to spill the blood, but we had no choice soldiers attacked our towns and villages and killed the citizens. Everybody, everybody went up with sword in his hand, men and women, children and old men; I had seen it all; I was  there, in the  fields, where people fought to death, and the steel blades shone in the sun We defended our shrine our land, that fed us, and gladdened us with harvests. I am Sauti, daughter of the King; but I worked as much as others, I cured the woonded and burried the dead. And I saw everything. I have seen the warriors fed the ground with their blood, while the air was ringing with the battle cry. And those who had fallen, gave their lives to this land; all who had survived gave their hearts The man and his land are equal, from the Beginning of Times; we are connected with ancient ties, because people are the part of their country, of its nature. And those who do not respect their Motherland, deny the largest shrine in the wolrd their ancient, pagan, mistical land, that even breathes with their own breathe Leonardo daVinchi once said, that people could not love the thing they did not know People do not know their land. They do not know the fresh winds of steppelands, do not know the songs of waterfalls, do not know the music of the mountains when you press your ear to the earth and it speaks to you and sings to you with thousands of voices; when you feel the hollow rumble of its large heart, and the tune of your own heart just the same as if they were connected with invisible thread He who loves not his country an love nobody. Indeed. How can you feed  anybody, if your own plate is empty? How can you feel love, if you cant feel the huge ancient heart of  your native land just under your feet, under the grass that you trample so ruthless? And how can you speak about  love, if you are not able to hear the voice of Love adressed to you? I am Sauti, daughter of the King Tarkil, son of Jankir. I had struggled for freedom of the Northern Kingdom for many years, and my heart was broken with sorrow, when I saw the war and understood that love was the only our strength

The Philospohy of Knowledge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

The Philospohy of Knowledge - Essay Example What we think is important; How we think is important. Epistemology is all about how we think, what we think and what is fundamental to perfect such a thinking process! Some of the important questions related to Epistemology are: What can we know? Why do we know some things, but not others? How can we know it? Is knowledge possible? How do we acquire knowledge? Can knowledge be certain? Why do we believe certain claims and not others? How can we differentiate truth from falsehood? The beauty of the questions is, none of these can be answered in their finality. In every breath of the human being a thought is involved; in every thought of a human being, a breath is involved. Every breath is an action; every action has the opposite reaction. Normally, a human being breathes 22,000 times in a day. Every breath of the human being is part of his thinking process. The gigantic scope and responsibility of epistemology can be understood by this simple illustration, as it is the all-pervading subject related to the entire humankind.

Should Performance Enhancing Drugs (Such as Steroids) Be Accepted in Research Paper

Should Performance Enhancing Drugs (Such as Steroids) Be Accepted in Sports - Research Paper Example This facet has divided the world population into two segment with some being against, the use of steroids while others supporting introduction of the drugs in the sports (Cooper, pg 102). Each one of the two sides, hold different opinions as to why they have taken their own specific stand. The side of sportsmen and women as well as the trainers, who support the idea argue that, use of the drugs helps minimize the injuries and also enhance recovery of body muscles, While the sporting bodies which opposes the idea of using these drugs argues that acceptance of this substance promotes unfair sporting activities that are based on lie rather than the true fact of sporting. The world has continued to ponder on the issue of performance enhancing drugs in sporting activities. It has been left in confusion striving to find a common ground on the matter. The history of this issue date as back to ancient Greeks who used the plant extracts as stimulant. The prominence of doping, however, heightened in late 1960s; when the sporting activity became more popular in different continents. Nevertheless, the climax of the issue has gained moment in the past decade with the majority of athletes being diagnosed to have injected these drugs in their system in order to enhance their performance (Cooper, pg33). With increase evolution in health technology, it has become much easier for the sporting bodies to detect and confirm if the accused person has used the drugs. Research on these enhancing drugs has shown that; they help in building of fat reserves in the muscle of the person through protein stimulation. The individual becomes even much stronger, hence able to par ticipate in the sports and also train for long hours without exhaustion. As the heated debate on drugs continues to take a better part of the center stage, the puzzling question which the majority of the partisan continue to ask, Do we have to accept these drugs in the sporting activities?. The